Obtaining residency in Europe through descent is a viable option for many people with European ancestry. Several European countries offer programs that allow descendants of European citizens to apply for residency and, in some cases, even citizenship. If you have European roots, you might benefit from this right.
In this article, we explore the different available pathways, the general requirements, and how Orience can help you every step of the way.
What is residency by descent?
Residency by descent is a process that allows individuals with European ancestry to apply for residency or even citizenship in some countries. This procedure varies by country and may depend on factors such as the degree of kinship, available documentation, and current laws.
European countries with residency by descent options
1. Spain
Spain offers the possibility of acquiring nationality by origin for first-generation descendants of Spaniards born abroad. In addition, the Democratic Memory Law facilitates nationality for descendants of Spanish exiles.
2. Italy
Italy allows descendants of Italian citizens to obtain citizenship by iure sanguinis. There is no generational limit, but a continuous line of descent and documentary evidence are required.
3. Portugal
Portugal offers the possibility of acquiring nationality for descendants of Portuguese citizens and for descendants of Sephardic Jews, provided they can prove their lineage.
4. Germany
Descendants of German citizens may acquire nationality if their family had to renounce it due to persecution during the Nazi regime.
5. Ireland
Ireland allows grandchildren of Irish citizens to apply for citizenship if they can prove their ancestry and have the appropriate documentation.
General requirements to obtain residency by descent
- Documentation proving family relationship: Birth certificates, marriage certificates, and other records.
- Proof of the European ancestor’s nationality: Passports, IDs, or citizenship records.
- Residency in the country of application (in some cases): Some countries may require a period of residence before granting citizenship.
- Language proficiency: In some cases, proof of knowledge of the official language is required.
- Cultural integration test: Some countries require exams on culture and history.
Steps to obtain residency by descent
1. Lineage verification
The first step is to determine if you meet the requirements according to the laws of the country where you want to apply.
2. Document collection
You must gather birth and marriage certificates, and any other documents proving your ancestry.
3. Application submission
The documentation is submitted to the corresponding consular or immigration authorities.
4. Case evaluation
Authorities will review the documentation and may request interviews or additional evidence.
5. Approval and obtaining residency
If approved, you will receive residency and, in some cases, citizenship.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
1. How long does the residency by descent process take?
It depends on the country and available documentation. It can vary between six months and several years.
2. Can I apply for citizenship directly instead of residency?
Some countries allow direct citizenship if you meet the descent and documentation requirements.
3. Is it necessary to travel to Europe to apply for residency by descent?
In some cases, the application can be made from your home country through a consulate.
4. Can I include my family in the application?
It depends on the country. Some allow spouses and children to be included, while others require each person to apply individually.
5. What if I don’t have all the necessary documents?
It’s advisable to consult experts like Orience, who can guide you in finding documents and exploring alternatives.