Dual citizenship is an increasingly valued option for those who wish to enjoy citizenship rights in more than one country. Whether for family, professional, or asset-related reasons, many people wonder if it’s possible to acquire citizenship from a European country without renouncing their original nationality.
In this article, we explain which countries in Europe allow dual citizenship, what conditions they impose, and how Orience can help you manage your legal strategy to retain all the benefits of both nationalities.
What is dual citizenship?
Dual citizenship means that a person holds the citizenship of two countries simultaneously. This grants rights and obligations in both states, such as access to social security, the ability to live and work, or even vote—depending on each country’s laws.
Which European countries allow dual citizenship?
Most Western European countries allow dual citizenship, though with certain limitations or specific requirements. Below is a regional overview:
Western Europe
- Spain: Allows dual citizenship with Ibero-American countries, the Philippines, Andorra, and Equatorial Guinea. In other cases, formal renunciation is required (though not always enforced).
- Italy: Imposes no restrictions. Recognizes dual or multiple citizenship without requiring renunciation.
- France: Allows multiple nationalities without restrictions.
- Portugal: Recognizes dual citizenship with no special conditions.
- Germany: Allows dual citizenship only in specific cases (e.g., individuals born in Germany to foreign parents or EU citizens).
Northern Europe
- Sweden, Finland, Norway, and Denmark: Allow dual citizenship without restrictions following recent legal reforms.
Eastern and Central Europe
- Poland: Allows dual citizenship but considers only Polish nationality within its territory.
- Hungary: Supports dual citizenship, even granting it to descendants of Hungarians living abroad.
- Bulgaria and Romania: Allow dual citizenship with minimal complications.
Countries with significant restrictions
- Austria: Generally does not allow dual citizenship except in exceptional cases approved individually.
- Lithuania and Estonia: Enforce significant restrictions, though with exceptions for descendants.
Benefits of having dual citizenship in Europe
- Right to live, work, and study in multiple countries without a visa.
- Access to social and healthcare services in both countries.
- Easier transmission of citizenship to children.
- Greater international mobility.
- Diversified tax and asset obligations.
Challenges and important considerations
While dual citizenship offers many advantages, it may also entail certain obligations and requirements to consider:
- Mandatory military service: Some countries may require it even if you live abroad.
- Tax declaration: You may have to file taxes in both countries if there are limited treaties.
- Legal conflicts: In case of criminal offense, both countries may claim jurisdiction.
How do you know if you’re eligible for a second citizenship?
There are several pathways to acquire European citizenship without giving up your current one:
1. By descent (jus sanguinis)
Many countries—such as Italy, Ireland, Poland, and Spain—allow citizenship if you can prove ancestry. Orience helps you locate old records, correct discrepancies, and present a complete file.
2. By residency
After several years of legal residency in an EU country, you may qualify for citizenship. Timeframes vary (usually 5 to 10 years).
3. By marriage
Marrying a European citizen can speed up the process. Orience guides you on how to prove cohabitation and gather the required documents.
4. By naturalization or exceptional contribution
Some states offer citizenship through merit, investment, or national interest (e.g., Malta or Austria under very limited circumstances).
How does Orience help you retain your original citizenship?
One of the biggest concerns when applying for European citizenship is whether you’ll have to renounce your original nationality. At Orience:
- We analyze the laws of your country of origin and destination.
- We assess fiscal, inheritance, and migration risks or benefits.
- We coordinate with local notaries and lawyers to ensure the process is legally sound.
- We guide you to access European citizenship while keeping all your previous rights.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can I have three nationalities in Europe?
It depends on the country. France, Italy, or Spain (in certain cases) allow multiple nationalities without limits. However, others may require renunciation of a second or third nationality depending on internal laws.
Does dual citizenship affect my taxes?
You may be subject to tax obligations in both countries, though many have treaties to avoid double taxation. Orience evaluates your situation to optimize your tax strategy.
Can I enter the EU with a non-European passport if I have dual citizenship?
Yes, but it’s recommended to use your European passport to ease entry, avoid visas, and demonstrate residence rights.
Can I lose one nationality if I acquire another?
Some countries like Germany, Austria, or the Netherlands may revoke your original nationality if you acquire another without prior authorization. That’s why legal strategy is key—and Orience handles it for you.
Do I need to inform both countries if I have dual citizenship?
In most cases, it’s not mandatory—but it is recommended to avoid legal, tax, or migration issues. Orience advises you on when and how to do it properly.
Conclusion
Dual citizenship in Europe is not only possible—it’s a strategic opportunity for those who want to expand their rights, mobility, and security.
With proper planning and legal advice, you can obtain European citizenship and keep your original nationality without complications. At Orience, we’re ready to help you achieve it quickly, safely, and without unnecessary renunciations.